熊野古道朝聖之路-日本行腳-緣起
熊野三山是源自於紀伊山雄偉自然的信仰而誕生的聖地。這裡擁有茂密的森林、傳說中神靈降臨的巨岩以及日本最高的瀑布。佛教傳入後，以自然崇拜為根基的神道教與佛教融合，熊野作為神佛合一和山間苦行的重要聖地吸引了眾多信徒，排隊參拜的人們絡繹不絕，被稱為“螞蟻熊野遍路”。「熊野三山」是熊野本宮大社、熊野速玉大社、熊野那智大社和那智山青岸渡寺的總稱，通往熊野三山的參拜路線被稱為「熊野古道」。
A hallmark of the Kumano Kodo is its welcoming nature, regardless of social status or gender. Numerous stories circulate along the route, showcasing the inclusiveness and diversity of Kumano Buddhism and nature worship. A stroll along the Kumano Kodo not only allows one to experience the charm of the Kumano landscape, but also to immerse oneself in the thoughts of ancient travelers, and even to discover one's own reflections during the long journey. This sacred place, which has embraced all for millennia, continues to welcome pilgrims of all faiths from around the world, offering those seeking repentance the opportunity to find renewal through their own journey.
紀伊山地-大自然的神秘力量
Kii Mountain Range - The Mysterious Power of Nature
紀伊山地與森林覆蓋了紀伊半島大部分的山區。這裡是日本降雨量最多的地區之一，山脈高度可達1000至2000米，充沛的雨水滋養著茂密的森林。自神話時代以來，紀伊山地就被認為是神靈居住的特殊區域，佛教也將這片被茂密森林覆蓋的山脈視為阿彌陀佛和觀世音菩薩的“淨土”，並將其作為修行場所，以期獲得超自然力量。因此，紀伊山地就形成了熊野三山、高野山和吉野大峰的日本三大佛教聖地。
The Kii Mountains and their forests cover much of the mountainous region of the Kii Peninsula. This region is one of Japan's heaviest rainfall areas, with mountains reaching heights of 1,000 to 2,000 meters. The abundant rain nourishes the dense forests. Since mythological times, the Kii Mountains have been considered a special area where divine beings reside. Buddhism also considers these densely forested mountains the "Pure Land" of Amitabha Buddha and Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, using them as a place of practice in the hope of gaining supernatural powers. As a result, the Kii Mountains have become one of Japan's three sacred Buddhist sites: the Kumano Sanzan, Mount Koya, and Yoshino Ōmine.
高野山-金剛峯寺-寺前的祭祀燭台
Koyasan - Kongobuji Temple - Candlestick in front of the temple
自古以來，這三大聖地就是神與佛的聖地，孕育了各種信仰，包括根植於自然崇拜的神道教、從中國傳入並在日本獨特發展的佛教(密教)高野山，以及兩者相結合的修驗道。通往這些聖地的參拜路線，例如熊野參拜道、高野山參拜道和大峯奧掛道，已成為許多來世界與全國各地人士的參拜道，並對日本宗教文化的發展和交流產生了重大影響。
Since ancient times, these three sacred sites have been sacred to gods and Buddhas, nurturing a variety of faiths, including Shintoism, rooted in nature worship; Buddhism, which was introduced from China and developed uniquely in Japan; and Shugendo, a fusion of the two. Pilgrimage routes to these sacred sites, such as the Kumano Pilgrimage Route, the Koyasan Pilgrimage Route, and the Ōmine Okukake Route, have become popular pilgrimage routes for people from around the world and across Japan, significantly influencing the development and exchange of religious culture in Japan.
紀伊山脈的靈場
Sacred Sites in the Kii Mountains
「紀伊山脈的靈場與參拜道」被列入世界遺產名錄的重點是「文化景觀保存」。文化景觀的意思是“由 自然 和 人類 活動相互形成的人文自然景觀”，其涵蓋範圍十分廣泛。當山巒和樹木被賦予“神山”或“神樹”等特殊價值時，它們也可以被視為“文化景觀資產。
The World Heritage designation of "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes of the Kii Mountains" emphasizes the preservation of cultural landscapes. Cultural landscapes encompass a wide range of areas, including mountains and trees that are designated as "sacred mountains" or "sacred trees," where they are considered cultural landscape assets.
朝聖者的山岳修練之路
The Pilgrim's Mountain Training Path
紀伊山脈的靈場就是一個例子。這些山巒自古以來一直被人們視為神靈的居所，在唐朝時期空海和尚傳入的北傳佛教的影響下，紀伊山脈成為了修行者的修練的場所，相傳人們可以在此獲得隱藏在宇宙和自然中的神秘力量。同理可證，修行者沿著參拜道行走並與自然互動本身也是一種修行。換句話說，「紀伊山脈的靈場與參拜道」不僅是寺廟、神社與道路，更是「山岳信仰的聖地與山岳修行道」。
The sacred sites of the Kii Mountains provide a prime example. Since ancient times, these mountains have been revered as the abodes of the gods. Under the influence of Northern Buddhism, introduced by the monk Kukai during the Tang Dynasty, the Kii Mountains became a training ground for ascetics, who were said to gain access to the mysterious powers hidden in the universe and nature. Similarly, walking along the pilgrimage routes and interacting with nature is itself a form of spiritual practice. In other words, the "sacred sites and pilgrimage routes of the Kii Mountains" are more than just temples, shrines, and roads; they are also "holy sites of mountain worship and mountain ascetic paths."
高野山-祭祀物-松、杉、柏。
Koyasan-Sacrificial objects: pine, fir, and cypress.
日本政府為了保護這些“文化景觀”，僅僅保存神社、寺廟等文化硬體財產是不夠的，還需要維護構成這些景觀基礎的“週邊環境與景觀”，包括自然環境和世代相傳的人類行為，方可稱為世界文化遺產。
In order to protect these "cultural landscapes", the Japanese government needs to not only preserve cultural hardware assets such as shrines and temples, but also maintain the "surrounding environment and landscape" that form the basis of these landscapes, including the natural environment and human behavior passed down from generation to generation, so that they can be called world cultural heritage.
熊野本宮大社、熊野速玉大社和熊野那智大社這三座神社被稱為熊野三山。熊野三山位於和歌山縣東南部，相距20至40公里，由熊野古道（熊野參拜道）的中邊路連接。這三座神社最初源自於各自的自然神崇拜，但後來互相供奉各自的主神，並被稱為熊野山所權現。此外，在神佛融合的過程中與熊野那智大社關係密切的 青岸渡寺 和 補陀洛山寺 有密不可分的關係，而這些寺廟也被列入世界遺產「紀伊山地的靈場與參拜道」。青岸渡寺是西域三十三所的第一座寺廟，而普陀洛山寺 則因渡海前往南海普陀山奉請觀音來日供奉的信仰而聞名。
Kumano Hongu Taisha, Kumano Hayatama Taisha, and Kumano Nachi Taisha are known as the Kumano Sanzan. Located in southeastern Wakayama Prefecture, the Kumano Sanzan are separated by 20 to 40 kilometers, connected by the central route of the Kumano Kodo (Kumano Pilgrimage Route). These three shrines originally venerated their own natural deities, but later dedicated their respective principal deities to each other, becoming known as the Kumano Sansho Gongen. Furthermore, Seigantō-ji Temple and Potarazan-ji Temple, closely associated with Kumano Nachi Taisha during the process of Shinto-Buddhist integration, are inextricably linked. These temples are also registered as "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range," a World Heritage Site. Seigantō-ji Temple is the first of the 33 temples in the Western Region, while Potarazan-ji Temple is famous for its belief in the pilgrimage to Putuo Mountain in the South China Sea to invite the Kannon deity to be enshrined in Japan.
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